Lifelong Learning has been recognised as an
essential element of the European Higher Education Area since its early beginnings, more precisely in the
Prague Communiqué (2021). Within the EHEA, lifelong learning has been seen under multiple facets:
- as promoting equity, equal opportunities and improving the quality of life (Prague Communiqué, 2001), by ensuring access to higher education and adaptive learning environments for learners of all ages, including as a mechanism for increasing employability (London Communiqué, 2007), up-skilling and reskilling (Rome Communiqué, 2020).
- as a mechanism for building the knowledge-based society and economy, and thus facing the challenges of competitiveness and the use of new technologies (Prague Communiqué, 2001)
Several tools have been recognised as supporting lifelong learning in higher education:
- ECTS credits, which can be offered in non-higher education contexts (Bologna Declaration, 1999)
- Recognition of prior learning, supporting access and progression in higher education for those with diverse educational backgrounds (Berlin Communiqué, 2003)
- Qualifications frameworks, which should encompass the wide range of flexible learning paths and opportunities (Berlin Communiqué, 2003).
Furthermore, flexible learning pathways have been considered a cornerstone of lifelong and student-centred learning (London Communiqué, 2007). In London, ministers asked the BFUG to work towards a
common understanding of the role of higher education in lifelong learning, which was developed for the
Leuven/Louvain la Neuve Ministerial Conference in 2009, where ministers concluded in the
Leuven/Louvain la Neuve Communiqué that:
- Lifelong learning involves obtaining qualifications, extending knowledge and understanding, gaining new skills and competences or enriching personal growth.
- Lifelong learning implies that qualifications may be obtained through flexible learning paths, including part-time studies, as well as work based routes.
- Lifelong learning is subject to the principle of public responsibility. The accessibility, quality of provision and transparency of information shall be assured.
- Successful policies for lifelong learning will include basic principles and procedures for recognition of prior learning on the basis of learning outcomes regardless of whether the knowledge, skills and competences were acquired through formal, non-formal, or informal learning paths.
- Lifelong learning will be supported by adequate organisational structures and funding.
- Lifelong learning encouraged by national policies should inform the practice of higher education institutions.
In subsequent communiqués, ministers emphasised the role of
engaging employers in designing lifelong learning policies (
Bucharest Communiqué, 2012), the importance of
improving the permeability and articulation between different educational sectors (
Yerevan Communiqué, 2015), and the contribution of appropriately quality-assured
digital and blended education to lifelong learning (
Paris Communiqué, 2018).
Finally, in the
Tirana Communiqué in 2024, the ministers highlighted the diverse objectives of seeking lifelong learning, including its
professional, personal and civic potential.